Mix the dough. Add 1¼ cups self-raising flour (or all-purpose flour and 1 teaspoon of baking powder), 1 teaspoon of salt and 1 cup of cottage cheese to a mixing bowl. Stir with a spoon until a shaggy dough forms, then knead with your hands in the bowl until it comes together.
Divide the dough. Set the dough on a lightly floured surface. Slice it into four (roughly) equal pieces. If you have a scale, they should weigh about 105g each. Use your hands to shape the dough pieces into balls.
Form the bagels. Use your finger to poke a hole in the center of each ball, then gently stretch it into a bagel shape. Make the holes a little larger than you'd expect - they’ll puff up during cooking. Repeat with the rest of the dough balls.
Boil the bagels (optional). I like to do this when I have time - it gives the bagels a more authentic, chewy texture. Bring a large pot of water to a boil over high heat, then drop the bagels into the water. Depending on the size of your pot, you might need to do this in stages (I usually do two at a time). Let them boil for about 1 minute, then flip them over and boil for another minute. They should float to the top. Use a slotted spoon or spatula to remove the bagels from the water and place onto a board or tray.
Top the bakes. If you've not boiled your bagels, brush them with the whisked egg, then sprinkle on your toppings. If you did boil them, skip the egg wash and top them straight after boiling, while they are still damp.
Cook the bagels. Air fryer: Preheat your air fryer to 400°F/200°C (just run it empty for 2 minutes). Place your topped bagels into your air fryer and air fry for nine minutes until lovely and golden. Oven: Preheat your oven to 400°F/200°C. Place your topped bagels onto a parchment paper-lined baking sheet, then pop them into the oven and bake for 25 to 30 minutes, until deeply golden all over.
Slice and serve. Let the bagels sit for at least 10 minutes before you slice into them if you can - they can be a little gummy if you slice them straight away. Fill with whatever you'd like, and enjoy.